Knock Knees and Bow Legs

Introduction
Knock knees and bow legs are common conditions that affect the alignment of the lower limbs. Despite their similar appearance, they are distinct conditions with different underlying causes and implications. In this detailed exploration, we will investigate the causes, signs, and symptoms of knock knees and bow legs, as well as examine the role of manual therapy in their treatment.

Part 1: Knock Knees

Causes of Knock Knees
Knock knees, or genu valgum, is characterized by inward leg curvature, causing the knees to touch while the ankles remain apart. Various factors contribute to the development of knock knees, including:

1. Genetics: Inherited predisposition can influence the occurrence of knock knees.
2. Childhood Development: Knock knees are common during childhood growth and often resolve naturally as the child matures.
3. Obesity: Excess weight can exert pressure on the knees, leading to knock knees.
4. Injuries: Trauma to the leg or knee can also contribute to the development of knock knees.

Signs and Symptoms of Knock Knees
Symptoms of knock knees may vary in intensity. Common indicators include:

1. Visible inward leg curvature: The knees touch while the ankles are apart.
2. Knee Discomfort: Some individuals may experience knee pain, especially after physical activity.
3. Altered Gait: Knock knees can affect walking patterns, resulting in an abnormal gait.
4. Joint Instability: Severe knock knees can cause joint instability and increase injury risk.

Part 2: Bow Legs

Causes of Bow Legs
Bow legs, or genu varum, involve outward leg curvature, causing the knees to be apart while the ankles touch. Common causes of bow legs include:

1. Nutritional Deficiencies: Inadequate nutrition, particularly vitamin D and calcium, can contribute to bow legs.
2. Rickets: A vitamin D deficiency can lead to bow legs in children, known as rickets.
3. *Bone Abnormalities: Conditions like Blount’s disease can result in bow legs.
4. Overuse or Trauma: Overuse or knee trauma can also lead to bow legs.

Signs and Symptoms of Bow Legs
Signs and symptoms of bow legs may include:

1. Outward leg curvature: The knees are apart while the ankles touch.
2. Knee or Joint Pain: Some individuals may experience discomfort in the knees or joints.
3. Gait Abnormalities: Bow legs can alter walking patterns and lead to an abnormal gait.
4. Joint Stiffness: Bow legs may cause joint stiffness and limited range of motion.